Policies of the State
By: Krisna Mendoza
There are
different policies of the state. Such as: Defense policy, Education, Research
and Development and Health and Social Welfare.
People can compare these policies by the LDC’s and MDC’s. LDC’s are
South Korea and Egypt and MDC’s are United States and Canada. The GDP of
different countries could tell if it is a LDC or a MDC.
The Defense
is the one area of policy in which governments have almost without exception
proceeded by developing and administering programs themselves and have insisted
on holding a monopoly with regard to the policy. The industrialized democracies
spend a few percent on their GNP on defense. United State and Canada have
volunteer armies. Canada has an active military of 0.2 and a GDP of 1.1. United States has an active military of 0.5
and a GDP of 3.0. North Korea has ruined its economy by its massive military
expenditures. It has a 3- 10 years military service, 5.0 active military and a
GDP spent on defense of 14.3. It’s a big difference between MDC’s and LDC’s
because MDC’s spent less on military service compared to LDC’s.
Education it’s
the most basic service that most government are expected to offer their people.
Canada the GDP spent on education it’s of 6.9, 101 percent of girls go to
primary school and 105 percent go to secondary school, 103 percent of boys go
to primary school and 105 percent go to secondary. United States the GDP spent
on education it’s of 5.4, 101 percent of girls go to primary school and 97 percent
go to secondary school, 102 percent of boys go to primary school and 98 percent
go to secondary. Egypt the GDP spent on education it’s of 4.8, 94 percent of girls
go to primary school and 70 percent go to secondary school, 107 percent of boys
go to primary school and 80 percent go to secondary. On MDC’s countries the GDP
spent on education its higher on MDC’s and lower on LDC’s.
Research
and development, in most of the developed countries, labor cost are too high to
allow basic industries such as the manufactured of clothing or of simple plastic
goods to be competitive internationally. States of the south can produce such
goods much more cheaply. In all countries, the technology that makes this sort
of industry possible is provided partly by government- sponsored research,
partly by research carried on directly by the industries involved, and partly
by basic research conducted on universities and other institutions of higher
education. Canada, manufactured export high technology it’s of 15, scientist
and engineers per million populations 2,719 and the GNP spent on technology
1.7. United States, manufactured export high technology it’s of 35, scientist
and engineers per million populations 3,676 and the GNP spent on technology 2.6.
Egypt, manufactured export high technology it’s of 0, scientist and engineers
per million populations 459 and the GNP spent on technology 0.2. The MDC’s are
higher in export of technology than LDC’s.
Health and
Social Welfare, most modern states have accepted some responsibilities for maintaining
their people in reasonable health, in adequate housing, with financial security
in their old age, and with some security against disability or disaster. Canada, percent of government expenditures
devoted to social security and welfare 28.0 and to housing and community
amenities are 2.2. United States, percent of government expenditures devoted to
social security and welfare 21.4 and to housing and community amenities are 2.1.
Israel, percent of government expenditures devoted to social security and
welfare 22.6 and to housing and community amenities are 5.6.
On health
expenditures, these countries spent their GDP on health care. Canada, the government
spending on health care is 6.4, private spending on health care is 2.8, life
expectancy 79 and infant mortality 5. United States, the government spending on
health care is 5.8, private spending on health care is 7.2, life expectancy 77
and infant mortality 7. India the government spending on health care is 0.8, private
spending on health care is 4.2, life expectancy 63 and infant mortality 71.
MDC’s have a
greater GDP on education than LDC’s. LDC’s countries are higher on military
services and in MDC’s they don’t need a lot of military service so they are
voluntary. MDC’s focused more on education so they export more technology than
LDC’s.
